![]() The journey will lead you through 200 brand new jewel boards as you unearth ancient wonders and discover the secret behind the elusive Sapphire Dragon in Jewel Quest 6. Take on the treacherous sea and brave a raging volcano to catch your nemesis and solve the mystery. Discover whose heart will melt and whose will be broken as you become part of the team. The threats to their lives are constant, yet romance is in the air as a love triangle forms between three of the friends. On their journey, the group must use their skills to uncover secrets about the Sapphire Dragon. Raj’s hotshot team of archaeologists is led on a quest around the globe in pursuit of Jiang Hao and her pirate posse. Raj’s crash has led him to a chance discovery of the Temple of Wishes, an ancient complex thought to be only legend! Raj assembles a team to explore the temple, but plans change suddenly when the team encounters a gang of ruthless pirates! While piloting his Cessna in a Himalayan snowstorm, Raj crash-lands on a frozen mountain, thus kicking off the adventure in Jewel Quest 6: The Sapphire Dragon. 14 stunning environments, each with its unique gameplay style. Expert Levels await you! Complete all regular levels to unlock! Existing Tools got that much better! Use the Midas Touch tool to turn any tile gold! New Tools! Match 4 jewels to create a Ship Wheel, then flick it anywhere you want it to go to eliminate even more jewels! With over 200 gameplay levels, this game give you days of jewel-matching fun! Exciting new elements include new jewels to match, new tools and power-ups as well a never-before seen Collapse-style mode! Jewel Quest: Seven Seas stays true to its roots - giving longtime Jewel Quest fans a “pure” jewel matching experience while delighting new players with jewel swapping tricks unique to this beloved series of games. But can they do both? Will they have to choose between the treasured Jewel Boards and their friend? And who is putting everyone in danger?ĭive into this exciting adventure by matching 3+ jewels as fast as you can. The famous jewel adventurers, Rupert and Emma are back… and unlike you have ever seen them before! After receiving a mysterious message from their old friend Hani, saying that the Jewel Boards were in danger, the duo must work fast to save both the jewel boards as well as Hani. Uncover secrets, avoid the curses and encounter increasingly difficult challenges ! Find out more about the history of Jewel Quest.The famous jewel adventurers, Rupert and Emma set sail on the Seven Seas after a mysterious message.Aid Rupert, Emma and Sebastian with the mystery of the Oracle of Ur in Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley, and Tibet. ![]()
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![]() Customizations come from either playing the game, or from the in-game EXO Outfitters shop with items purchasable with real money. There are various suits, palettes, visors, hats, masks and emotes currently available to chose from, and may be changed at will through the Customization menu during gameplay. It's a relatively easy material to receive during early-game, and can be easily mass-produced when paired with the Soil Centrifuge and Smelting Furnace. Each player can have a different look with the Customizations available in the game. Note, that two triptychs are required: One to activate the engine, another one for the satellite.Ceramic is a refined resource in Astroneer. The Geometric Triptych is unique to each planet and can be created repeatedly. ![]() Only one of the resources is required for each planet. Rail Stations are used mainly as stops for Rail Cars and Rail Engines, which allow for the loading and unloading of items and resources. They allow Rail Cars to stop, load, or unload their cargo, as well as calling railway vehicles to the station. Also, the shield will disappear, allowing the player to leave the engine.Įach Gateway Engine requires a specific resource to create a Geometric Triptych, which is required to activate the Engine. Rail Stations are a Railway item in Astroneer. Once it is placed, the engine will activate and reveal an Odd Stone, allowing teleporting to chambers on the surface, as well as to the satellite. There, in the center, is a single platform with a slot for the triptych. Large canyons, massive boulders and steep hills can make Vesania difficult to travel around by rover, unless you have a paver equipped. It's perhaps one of the most distinct Planets in Astroneer, with its thick and lush atmosphere and very unusual Terrain. Its moon, Novus, orbits around the planet. Vesania is an exotic planet in Astroneer. The player must take the triptych up one of the three sides to the opposite platform. For the original planet, see Exotic (Old). Once the required item is provided, a Geometric Triptych will appear in the middle and the engine shield will reappear. On one side are three raised platforms, similar to the Chambers, that will require a specific resource, marked with a specific symbol on top of each platform. Once it is open, the player may enter the inside of the sphere. When first approaching the Gateway Engine, it may be shielded if none of the Gateway Chambers has yet been activated on the surface. On the inner part of the central sphere, there are three sides, the top and bottom, each of which will orient the player to be able to run along to get around without issue. There are two pillars that are connected and will easily allow the player to walk onto the outside of the sphere. As gravity changes, the player will be noted by an acoustic signal, in order to reduce confusion.Īs most pillars are not connected to the engine directly, the player will need to jump to be able to attach to the central sphere or build bridges using the Terrain Tool. Its a relatively easy material to receive during early-game, and can be easily mass-produced when paired with the Soil Centrifuge and Smelting Furnace. When approaching any part of the engine, the player will be pulled and oriented to the surface of the structure and will be able to move "normally" along the surface. Ceramic is a refined resource in Astroneer. Packagers may be found alongside Automatons during certain events. This allows players to easily move their base, store items that are no longer needed, or bring back larger items from other planets. The pillars and sphere in the center use a different gravity than the planet does. The Packager is a single-use, base building item that the player may use to package items by attaching the packager to an item. They are spherical structures, with many pillars extending outward and up through the outer core layer of the planets. ![]() Gateway Engines are structures that make up the cores of each planet. Proceed at your own risk.Ī close up of an activated Gateway Engine's Odd Stone on Sylva. Spoiler Warning: Information below contains information that may ruin your enjoyment of discovering the game's secrets for yourself. About Astroneer Develop, fly through the solar system to distant planets, and explore new landscapes and fauna The events take place in an era of experimental intergalactic discoveries in the distant future, at the beginning of the 25th century. ![]() What is the best way to pay a missed Ipass toll? I-PASS NOW AVAILABLE ROAD RANGER Road Ranger now has pre-loaded transponders for passenger vehicles as well as semi tractor trailers, gift cards, and replacement transponders for the ILLINOIS TOLLWAY. Is it possible to get an Ipass from Road Ranger? ![]() In 5-7 days, you’ll receive your tags and account profile. Choose “Sign Up Now” from the drop-down menu, then “Click here to enroll online.” Fill out the form and apply. To sign up for an E-ZPass, go to the E-ZPass website and follow this step-by-step procedure. Locate the correct tag location behind the rearview mirror in the upper center portion of your windshield, at least 1 inch to the right and at least 1 inch below the top edge. The I-Pass does not require an annual fee. The account automatically replenishes 10% of the average monthly usage, or a minimum of $10, with a minimum balance of $20. The I-Pass system in Illinois costs $30, includes a $10 refundable deposit and $20 pre-paid tolls. What is the cost of an I-PASS transponder? Select “Transponders” and “Request” additional sticker transponders once you’ve logged in. How do I obtain a second I-PASS transponder?īy logging into Your account at, you can order additional or replacement sticker transponders for free. Because the E-ZPass System uses the same I-PASS transponder, all toll roads that accept E-ZPass accept I-PASS as well.Į-ZPass is used by sixteen states, and I-PASS is also accepted. Tolls are collected electronically using the I-PASS system. What is the difference between EZ Pass and I-Pass? Transponders are ready to use in Illinois within 24 hours after being activated, and in other states that accept I-PASS within 48 hours. The transponder box contains activation instructions. Transponders obtained at a Jewel-Osco or Road Ranger location must be activated. Is it necessary to activate the I-PASS transponder? If a vehicle registered with I-Pass does not have a transponder, it will only be considered in violation if the vehicle’s license plate isn’t registered on an I-Pass account. I-Pass transponders are available at all toll plazas, including entrance and exit ramps. “ Is it possible to drive through I-PASS without a transponder? “Please wrap your I-PASS transponder(s) in aluminum foil by mail and include a letter requesting the account’s closure.” Your name and return address should be included in the letter. All other transponder issues must be resolved at a Customer Service Center, through our Tollway Customer Call Center, or by mail. Only transponders that are eligible for this program can be exchanged in Jewel-Osco locations. Is it possible to return an I-pass to Jewel? You can register your additional vehicles online or by dialing 87 at our call center. Yes, as long as the transponder is of the same vehicle class, you can transfer it between vehicles. Is it possible to transfer an Ipass transponder to a different account? If the transponder has been successfully read, the red (stop) and green (thank you) lights will notify you. With an automatic coin machine, drive through a lane. Your transponder is operational if there is a blue or yellow light. On any Tollway ramp, drive through an I-PASS or Pay Online lane. What is the best way to find out if my Ipass transponder works? If my E-ZPass transponder is no longer functional, how can I return or exchange it? E-ZPass Service Center, PO Box 1234, Clifton Forge, VA 24422-1234, or bring your transponder to a Service Center location. Where can i purchase an ipass What is the procedure for returning an Ezpass transponder?.How to activate ipass transponder online?. By far the biggest outlier is Sevinne, the Chronoclasm, who is apparently pretty unpopular. The numbers you see above are how many Commander decks users have submitted to the site over the last two weeks featuring each of the face commanders from Commander 2019. How can we figure out which commanders are best? Here, it's basically a popularity contest. So if you don't care about anything except value, Jeskai and Sultai are the two clear winners. At first, I thought this might have something to do with the order that the decks were previewed (in theory, decks that are previewed first will have more time for their cards to decrease in price), but considering Sultai Morph was the first decklist released, this doesn't seem to be the case.īasically, this leaves us with a scenario where all of the decks are worth their price tag, but two decks stand out above the rest. While our main goal today is to compare Commander 2019 to itself, it is worth mentioning that the least valuable deck in Commander 2019 is worth more than the most valuable Commander 2018 deck was a few days after it was spoiled last year.īack to the decks, they basically break down into two tiers, with the Rakdos and Naya decks being the lower-value decks (although again, still more valuable than any decks we had last year and still worth their $40-ish price tag), while Sultai and Jeskai are the high-value decks. Second, despite some complaints from the community, the value of Commander 2019 is actually quite solid. In reality, that plan is unlikely to work. ![]() Prices should drop across the board by the time the decks are actually released, so don't assume that you can buy one of the Commander 2019 decks for $40 and immediately resell it for over $100. ![]() Take a gander at the decklists, and then we'll jump into the rankings!Ī couple of important notes: first, since we're still in the preorder period for Commander 2019, prices for many of the cards in the set are inflated. Then, after going through all 10 categories, we can tally up the scores and see which Commander 2019 deck really is the best! Oh yeah, one last thing: for the rest of the article, rather than calling the decks by their proper names, we'll be going with their themes and color combinations, which are shorter and easier to type (as a refresher, Sultai Morph is Faceless Menace, headed by Kadena, Slinking Sorcerer Jeskai Flashback is Mystic Intellect, with Sevinne, the Chronoclasm as the face commander Naya Populate is Primal Genesis, led by Ghired, Conclave Exile and Rakdos Madness refers to the Merciless Rage deck, with Anje Falkenrath out front). A first-place ranking gives a deck four points, with second in a category being worth three, third two, and last just a single point. Instead, we'll turn to 10 categories and rank each Commander 2019 deck from first to worst. ![]() ![]() If you only have $40 in your Magic budget, which deck should you buy? For this, we'll try to be as objective as possible-while the madness deck is my personal favorite since it has some really interesting legends and draws a lot of cards in a weirdly synergistic way, thanks to the madness mechanic and the various payoffs for discarding cards, drawing a lot of cards isn't a very good criterion for ranking the decks. While everyone could just buy every Commander 2019 deck in Magical Christmas Land, considering that the decks are selling for $40 to $45, not everyone has the extra money laying around to spend on cardboard, no matter how sweet they may be. Whether expecting high-end reprints in Commander decks is reasonable is a conversation for another day because today, rather than trying to place Commander 2019 into the context of past Commander releases, our goal today is simple: to figure out which Commander 2019 deck is best. While this year's edition seems to be better received than last year's, some players still seem to have lingering doubts about whether or not the decks contain enough reprint value, mostly based on the lack of high-end cards. We got the full spoiler and complete deck lists for Commander 2019 last week, and the lists are overflowing with sweet new cards and spicy legends to use in the command zone. Relieved, overjoyed and reassured by the fact that ALL MY DATA is once again accessible. I cried and screamedĪgain, this time with joy! Over the last two days I have been thrilled, delighted, The following Friday I received one of the happiestĬalls of my life. ![]() My toasted hard drive to their Vancouver location late in the afternoon and by 6:30Īm the following morning a representative had emailed me with a reassuring messageĪnd time line for the work. The Disk Doctors, we knew we had found a company that could help us. This Mac Recovery software supports Mac OS X 10.4.11. We went on line and called several companies, and when we reached Disk Doctors Mac Data Recovery software helps recovering lost data with the simplicity matching Mac OS X. For MacBook data recovery or repair please bring in or ship in your devices to the following locations. Disk Doctors Mac Data Recovery software recovers lost and deleted data from HFS+, HFSX file systems on Mac. In most cases we can recover your lost or stuck data and contacts. IT manager tried and failed to recover my data and recommended that I try a disaster Disk Doctors Xfs Data Recovery Software Listing. With looming deadlines? My first instinct was to cry, then scream. Of hours of work, irreplaceable images, and your ability to complete jobs for clients This Mac Recovery software supports Mac OS X 10.4.11 and above, which includes 'Snow Leopard'. What do you do when a power surge destroys your hard drive and you loose hundreds Disk Doctors Mac Data Recovery software helps recovering lost data with the simplicity matching Mac OS X. In most cases we can recover your lost or stuck data and contacts.įor ipad data recovery or repair please bring in or ship in your devices to the following locations. Please contact us if your ipad is dead or unresponsive for any reasons and you want your data recovered from it. Designed with regular users in mind, Data Rescue 6 for Mac is another well-rated recovery app when it comes to the best Mac data recovery software available for Mac. iPad Pro 12.9 inch 3rd Generation, A1876, A2014, A1895, A1983 Good for: best value when it comes to data recovery. Get the storage you and your teams need with security features like file recovery, password protection, watermarking, and viewer history.IPads models and generations that we see frequently in our labs for fixing are listed below as well. Applications tend to be a troublesome bunch.doctor data recovery software supports to recover data from crashed or corrupted. Some of iPad issues that we encounter and fix frequently are listed below. Disk Drill SD Card Recovery (Windows & Mac) Among the various free SD card. And, solutions to fix these problems are well known to our team members. IPads just like any other electronics come with their own set of challenges. Disk Doctors Mac Data Recovery software recovers lost and deleted data from HFS+, HFSX file systems on Mac OS X 10.4 and above. ![]() On the Search results page, you may see the following: To search by keyword, at the top of the page, in the Search Download Center search box, type the word or words you wish to search for.To search more specifically for a product or download, on the menu bar displayed near the top of the page, click a menu name and then click a product or download.To find products and downloads, in the navigation bar that appears across the center of the Download Center home page, click an icon.If you would like to search for specific downloads, start by using one of these methods. If you would like Microsoft to scan your computer and recommend updates, please see the preceding question. Items available as free downloads are linked to details pages, where you can learn more about them and initiate downloads. For your convenience, items available for purchase are linked directly to Microsoft Store. See Building ROOT from source for detailed instructions.The Microsoft Download Center has recently been revised to better serve you as a one-stop shop for products available for purchase, in addition to products and downloads available for free. It is possible to compile ROOT from source. In case no other installation method is available, or if you want full control over the options ROOT is built with, You can use to get access to CentOS8, where this limitation is not present. ![]() multi-threading capabilities) are not available on (or, equivalently, ) due to incompatible versions of certain ROOT dependencies on CentOS7. Users with a CERN computing account can simply connect to via SSH and start root: the latest stable version is installed as a normal system package. ROOT Docker containers for several linux flavours are available at ROOT’s official DockerHub.įor example, to try out the latest ROOT release just run the following command in your terminal (after starting docker engine): docker run -it rootproject/root:latestįor more instructions on running root’s docker image, visit the Get Started section of ROOT’s official DockerHub. This will drop you into a new shell where all software from the prefix is available. $ /cvmfs//lcg/contrib/gentoo/linux/x86_64/startprefix To create a new conda environment containing ROOT and activate it, execute Condaįor any Linux distribution and MacOS, ROOT is available as a conda package. If you package ROOT and would like to be added to the list below, please contact us by clicking the letter icon at the bottom of the page. Please go through each package manager’s standard channels to report any related issue. Supported by the community: these packages are not maintained by the ROOT team, but by helpful members of the community. If you are interested in testing (unstable) development features, you can check out the nightlies. These setup scripts can be found in the ROOT binary release, in the bin directory.įor example, on Almalinux9, a user could execute the following bash commands to install ROOT v6.30/02, after installing all required dependencies: Add the ROOT libraries and executables to your environment by sourcing the appropriate thisroot.* script.Download the release for the desired platform and ROOT version.Install all required dependencies with the system package manager.The steps to install a pre-compiled binary are simple: We distribute pre-compiled ROOT for several major Linux distributions as well as MacOS and (as a beta) Windows. Download a pre-compiled binary distribution In all cases, make sure to always use the most recent ROOT release possible to get the latest bug fixes, features and quick user support.Ħ.30/02 ( about ROOT versioning scheme). Which one is best for you depends on your operating system and usage requirements. To install it, we highly recommend (ordered by priority) either:įurther ways to install ROOT on your computer are listed in the table of content on the right. ![]() ROOT is available on Linux, Mac, and Windows.
As they exit the ghost house, you can easily see they begin play in scatter mode. The ghost will enter scatter mode four times for each life on each level. It seemed more natural than having constant attack. As time went by they would regroup, attack, and disperse again. So I created the monsters' invasions to come in waves. I felt it would be too stressful for a human being like Pac Man to be continually surrounded and hunted down. The ghosts have an interesting pattern programmed into their movements: occasionally, they will simultaneously cease and desist their pursuit of Pac-Man and return to their respective corners of the maze, entering "scatter mode". Below is a table indicating when Blinky will enter Cruise Elroy mode: This phenomenon is known as "Cruise Elroy" mode. The red ghost ("Shadow", "Blinky") will speed up once a certain number of pellets remain. All ghosts on all levels move at identical speeds, with one exception. Clyde went through two name changes, though, called Sue and Tim in the following two games, respectively.ĭespite the moniker "Speedy", Pinky is not the fastest ghost. These personalities stayed the same through Ms. Next time you play some pac-man, notice that it's usually these 2 that get ya. N.B.: The blinky-pinky combination is the most menacing. He moves about the board fairly randomly, but sometimes chases when he gets in close.Ĭlyde - Idiot. Tends to take a more roundabout way to pac-man. Will usually take the shortest route to you, and tends to follow. Once acquainted with their personalities, it is possible to predict their movements.īlinky - Chases. It is the fact that each of these ghosts exhibits a distinct personality that makes this game so entertaining and playable. ![]() The filing lays out the Titan’s testing details and its specifications, including that it had undergone more than 50 test dives and detailing its 5-inch-thick carbon fiber and titanium hull. The legal representative informed the US District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, which oversees matters related to the Titanic, of the company’s expedition plans at the time. In a 2021 court filing, OceanGate’s legal representative touted the specifications and a hull monitoring system that he called “an unparalleled safety feature” built into the Titan submersible. Classing may be effective at filtering out unsatisfactory designers and builders, but the established standards do little to weed out subpar vessel operators – because classing agencies only focus on validating the physical vessel,” it read. ![]() “Classing assures ship owners, insurers, and regulators that vessels are designed, constructed and inspected to accepted standards. The vast majority of marine (and aviation) accidents are a result of operator error, not mechanical failure,” it said. It said classing innovative designs often requires a multiyear approval process, which gets in the way of rapid innovation.Ĭlassing agencies “do not ensure that operators adhere to proper operating procedures and decision-making processes – two areas that are much more important for mitigating risks at sea. This "classing" system ensures vessels are designed and built following regulations such as the number of life rafts or types of materials used.īut the Titan submersible that went missing en route to the Titanic wreck, is not classed, the blog post said. In a 2019 blog post on OceanGate’s website, the company said most marine operations “require that chartered vessels are ‘classed’ by an independent group such as the American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), DNV/GL, Lloyd’s Register, or one of the many others.” Compatible browsers: Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Opera, Safari. It also features a top bar with social media icons and multi-level drop-down menu layering. Now you can create enticing restaurant scenes with high-quality menu mockups. Create excellent website navigability with this beautiful, responsive and free transparent menu template. Here we have collected 20+ Best Menu Mockup PSD Templates which will help you to showcase or present your menu design work. With these easy-to-edit templates, you can create the best menus for business or any special event A fresh perspective and a new look that fits the concept and atmosphere of your restaurant. A good-looking menu is essential when it comes to grabbing your customers’ attention. submenu menu mobile free responsive navigation. Branding a restaurant menu is an enormous assignment for any graphic designer. Sketch great designs with our free menu maker. Sell more with sales channels, subscriptions, product options, digital downloads. Step 2: Open your GTA 5 Folder and dragndrop the folder into it. Get photo-realistic menu results that are great for any project. ![]() Adjust the lighting scenarios to fit your needs, and remove or add any item you want. Coffee cups, A5 menu boards, paper bags, and more are all included. rar archive, open it with WinRar or 7zip and go into the Callens SPMM folder. Multipurpose and fully customizable, this branding identity template is packed with 28 mockup items. Selecting the right menu templates can make a big difference to a restaurant’s sales. Use at your own risk I recommend to use my Modded Launcher. You can choose a template, make changes to it, and use it for free.Menu designs are vital in convincing customers to buy specific items. ![]() ![]() You can change how the text looks by changing the font and style. You’ll find ready-made menus from different businesses, from bakeries to coffee shops and full-service restaurants. This is how they will be added to the final product. Kick-start your design process by browsing our template library. You can drag and drop photos, wallpapers, and vector illustrations into the template using our built-in editor. ![]() There are blank menu templates and ones with a layout, design, format, pdf, png, party, event, holiday, wedding, engagement, breakfast, fancy, preschool, cute, burger, dinner, buffet, and catering menu templates. With the Free Editable Food Menu Templates on, it's easy to make great-looking menus with a theme. Menus let everyone know what you're serving up, whether it's haute cuisine or diner food, craft cocktails or smoothies, or something other than food altogether. Make the most of every morsel of menu spacestart your design with a customizable menu template. Plan duration refers only to downloads of the extensions. You can choose a design you want to use, change it with our editor, and print it for free.Ĭustomize Food Menu Online for Free and Download Whet your appetite for great design with menu templates. , Joomla & WordPress free & premium solutions Login. All of the contents and layouts on our modern restaurant, background, simple, elegant, flier, daycare, rustic, burger, pizza, fast food, food truck, cafe, bakery, dinner, and lunch menu templates are original. With the Free Editable Food Menu Templates on, you can make menus that look great. Free Food Menu Template, Printable, Digital, Download The current ant species checklist for the whole of Yunnan Province was updated by recording 550 named species from 99 genera. These results highlight the rich ant fauna of this region and strongly support its status as a biodiversity hotspot. Moreover, we believe 41 novel morphospecies (31% of the total collected taxa) will prove to be new to science. Among them, 17 species from 13 genera represent new records for Yunnan province, and eight species are newly recorded for China. ![]() 130 species/morphospecies from nine subfamilies and 49 genera were identified. Here, the first checklist of ant species from the Southern Hengduan Mountain region is presented, generated by sampling ant diversity using a wide array of collection methods, including Winkler leaf litter extraction, vegetation beating, and hand collection. However, the insect biodiversity in this region is still poorly known. Its stunning topography with many deep valleys and impassable mountain barriers has promoted an astonishing diversification in many groups of organisms including plants, birds, mammals, and amphibians. The overall finding suggests that the litter ants do not reflect the holistic picture of arthropod diversity and assemblages in leaf litter, but the quality of the habitat for the survival of all litter arthropods.Ĭhina’s Hengduan Mountain region has been considered one of the most diverse regions in the northern hemisphere. But there was no significant correlation (p>0.05) between abundance and richness of litter ants and those of other arthropods in both vegetation types. Species assemblages composition of both ants and other arthropods differed significantly between the two sites (ANOSIM, p=0.001) with both groups generating distinct clusters for the two sites (SIMPROF, p=0.001). From the two sites, 1887 litter ants (34 species) and 3488 litter arthropods (52 species) were collected. In each vegetation type, arthropods were sampled using three sampling methods (Winkler extraction, hand collection, and pitfall traps) along three 100 m line transects. This study examined the suitability of litter ants as a focusing taxon by checking whether diversity and species assemblages of litter ants reflect the overall picture of arthropod diversity and assemblages in leaf litter in two vegetation types: secondary forest and pine plantation in Upper Hanthana forest reserve, Sri Lanka. Rapid Biodiversity Assessment approaches associated with focusing taxa have overcome many of the problems related to large scale surveys. Overall, our results suggest that the application of heating plates accelerates the extraction process while yielding large quantities of litter-dwelling animals. The extraction speed of macrofauna from the forest litter was strongly increased and the number of mites collected nearly doubled in the modified extractors, though the extraction rates of collembolans were not affected significantly. The heating plates increased the temperature within the extractors by about 8✬ and accelerated the desiccation of litter in the mesh bags. The study was performed at the end of the wet season in a mature forest and young forest plantation at Cat Tien National Park, southern Vietnam. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of the modified Winkler apparatus equipped with heating plates placed inside each mesh bag. ![]() This problem is exacerbated in a humid tropical climate. Abstract:The Winkler extractor is widely used for collecting both micro- and macrofauna from large samples of forest litter, but the long period of extraction that it demands and that allows continuous feeding and reproduction of target organisms is a serious drawback when samples are collected for subsequent stable isotope analysis. |
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